{"title":"Western Europe History {France, Germany, Austria, Monaco, Ireland, San Marino, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar, Belgium, United Kingdom, Liechtenstein, Italy, Andorra}","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"a-history-of-the-world-in-the-20th-century-obee-cloth-by-grenville","title":"A History of the World in the 20th Century (Obee) (Cloth) by Grenville","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780674399600\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHarvard University Press, 22 Mach 1995\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHard cover, 973 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1980, the first part of the Collins History of the World in the 20th Century was published, covering the years 1900-1945. This is a revision of and extensive expansion upon that text, now covering the entire century. It is organized in chronological sequence and is amply illustrated with some 275 photographs. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39939694002338,"sku":"","price":165.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/products\/download_3_8bbbb732-e404-443f-a15b-5b82f9dc6d76.jpg?v=1621430194"},{"product_id":"9780521735933","title":"A Concise History of Australia by Macintyre, Stuart","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780521735933\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCambridge University Press, 2009\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback 368 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescription\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAustralia is the last continent to be settled by Europeans, but it also sustains a people and a culture tens of thousands years old. For much of the past 200 years the newcomers have sought to replace the old with the new. This book tells how they imposed themselves on the land, and brought technology, institutions and ideas to make it their own. It relates the advance from penal colony to a prosperous free nation and illustrates how, as a nation created by waves of newcomers, the search for binding traditions was long frustrated by the feeling of rootlessness, until it came to terms with its origins. The third edition of this acclaimed book recounts the key factors - social, economic and political - that have shaped modern-day Australia. It covers the rise and fall of the Howard government, the 2007 election and the apology to the stolen generation. More than ever before, Australians draw on the past to understand their future.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"IH PENTZ BOOKSELLERS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40336351756450,"sku":"","price":180.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/products\/aus_a44c7b73-fd07-4d1c-acbe-88d2ec8e1171.jpg?v=1626088796"},{"product_id":"9781108442244","title":"Yes to Europe! : The 1975 Referendum and Seventies Britain by  Saunders, Robert","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781108442244\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCambridge University Press | 30 April 2019\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback | 522 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn 5 June 1975, voters went to the polls in Britain's first national referendum to decide whether the UK should remain in the European Community. As in 2016, the campaign shattered old political allegiances and triggered a far-reaching debate on Britain's place in the world. The campaign to stay in stretched from the Conservative Party - under its new leader, Margaret Thatcher - to the Labour government, the farming unions and the Confederation of British Industry. Those fighting to 'Get Britain Out' ranged from Enoch Powell and Tony Benn to Scottish and Welsh nationalists. Footballers, actors and celebrities joined the campaign trail, as did clergymen, students, women's groups and paramilitaries. In a panoramic survey of 1970s Britain, this volume offers the first modern history of the referendum, asking why voters said 'Yes to Europe' and why the result did not, as some hoped, bring the European debate in Britain to a close.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"IH PENTZ BOOKSELLERS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40682614456482,"sku":"","price":250.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/products\/9781108442244.jpg?v=1631611156"},{"product_id":"9781108497459","title":"Revolutionary France's War of Conquest in the Rhineland : Conquering the Natural Frontier, 1792-1797 by Hayworth, Jordan R.","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781108497459\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCambridge University Press | 28 March 2019\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardback | 358 pages \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn May 1790, the French National Assembly renounced wars of conquest. Two years later, France declared war on Austria and invaded Belgium and the Rhineland, claiming it was to spread the benefits of the Revolution. Soon, however, military and economic crises drove a shift in the nature of France's war effort. What started as a war for liberty became a war for conquest, one that brought devastating exploitation to the Rhineland. It was during this time that French foreign policy became influenced by the idea of attaining the natural frontiers - the Alps, the Pyrenees, and, most significantly, the Rhine. Although often portrayed as a diplomatic tradition of the French monarchy, Jordan R. Hayworth shows how the natural frontiers policy was born during the Revolution. In addition, he examines the intense and consequential debates that arose over the policy, which caused much confusion in the war and helped to undermine France's democratic experiment.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"IH PENTZ BOOKSELLERS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40682615177378,"sku":"","price":540.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/products\/9781108497459.jpg?v=1631267883"},{"product_id":"9780333696033","title":"The Logic of Charity: Amsterdam : 1800-1850   by, Marco H.D. Van Leeuwen","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780333696033\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePalgrave Macmillan: 07 April 2000\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardcover: 257 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study analyses poor relief in preindustrial Europe from 1800 to 1850, as a survival strategy of the poor and as a control strategy of the elites. It deals with poverty and the problems of the poor, but also with wealth and the concerns of the elites and of the middle classes. A simple model of poor relief is presented, based on insights derived from history, sociology and welfare economics. It is tested against the historical records of Amsterdam from 1800 to 1850. The study brings out some of the perennial problems of social policy, past and present, as well as some aspects of Old Regime charity, now vanished.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"IH Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41889346748578,"sku":"","price":234.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/products\/9780333696033.jpg?v=1648107604"},{"product_id":"9781108493352","title":"THE ORIGINS OF PROTESTANT AESTHETICS IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE: CALVIN'S REFORMATION POETICS by Dyrness, William A.","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781108493352\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCambridge University Press,  04 July 2019\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardcover 242 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe aesthetics of everyday life, as reflected in art museums and galleries throughout the western world, is the result of a profound shift in aesthetic perception that occurred during the Renaissance and Reformation. In this book, William A. Dyrness examines intellectual developments in late Medieval Europe, which turned attention away from a narrow range liturgical art and practices and towards a celebration of God's presence in creation and in history. Though threatened by the human tendency to self-assertion, he shows how a new focus on God's creative and recreative action in the world gave time and history a new seriousness, and engendered a broad spectrum of aesthetic potential. Focusing in particular on the writings of Luther and Calvin, Dyrness demonstrates how the reformers' conceptual and theological frameworks pertaining to the role of the arts influenced the rise of realistic theater, lyric poetry, landscape painting, and architecture in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook Description\u003cbr\u003e Shows how the Reformation's focus on God influenced the rise of realistic theater, lyric poetry, landscape painting, and architecture in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbout the Author\u003cbr\u003e William A. Dyrness is Senior Professor of Theology and Culture at Fuller Theological Seminary, California. A scholar of the art and religion of Reformation Europe, he is the author of Reformed Theology and Visual Culture: The Protestant Imagination from Calvin to Edwards (Cambridge, 2004) and most recently, Poetic Theology, God, and the Poetics of Everyday Life (2010).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42706934300834,"sku":"","price":450.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/products\/9781108493352.jpg?v=1665147495"},{"product_id":"9781108456531","title":"SYRIAN IDENTITY IN THE GRECO-ROMAN WORLD (GREEK CULTURE IN THE ROMAN WORLD) by Andrade, Nathanael J.","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: \"9781108456531\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCambridge University Press,  26 April 2018\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback 442 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy engaging with recent developments in the study of empires, this book examines how inhabitants of Roman imperial Syria reinvented expressions and experiences of Greek, Roman and Syrian identification. It demonstrates how the organization of Greek communities and a peer polity network extending citizenship to ethnic Syrians generated new semiotic frameworks for the performance of Greekness and Syrianness. Within these, Syria's inhabitants reoriented and interwove idioms of diverse cultural origins, including those from the Near East, to express Greek, Roman and Syrian identifications in innovative and complex ways. While exploring a vast array of written and material sources, the book thus posits that Greekness and Syrianness were constantly shifting and transforming categories, and it critiques many assumptions that govern how scholars of antiquity often conceive of Roman imperial Greek identity, ethnicity and culture in the Roman Near East, and processes of 'hybridity' or similar concepts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditorial Reviews\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReview\u003cbr\u003e \"... [this] book is of great importance in both its method and its content for the study of Roman Syria and the surrounding region from the Seleucid period through the early Roman Empire. Scholars will benefit a great deal from Andrade's impressive contribution to, and reshaping of, these ongoing discussions.\" \u003cbr\u003e Christine Shepardson, Bryn Mawr Classical Review\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook Description\u003cbr\u003e This book proposes a new means of identifying how Greek and Syrian identities were expressed in the Hellenistic and Roman Near East.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbout the Author\u003cbr\u003e Nathanael J. Andrade is an Assistant Professor in the Department of History at the University of Oregon.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42706934792354,"sku":"","price":400.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/products\/9781108456531.jpg?v=1665150316"},{"product_id":"9781316627280","title":"STORIES OF DAILY LIFE FROM THE ROMAN WORLD: EXTRACTS FROM THE ANCIENT COLLOQUIA by Dickey, Eleanor","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: \"9781316627280\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCambridge University Press 02, October 2017\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback 178 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat did Roman children do first when they arrived at school in the morning? What excuse for missing school could be counted on to stave off a whipping from the teacher? What did a Roman banker do when someone came to borrow money? What did a Roman wife say when her husband came home drunk? The answers to such questions can be found not in mainstream ancient literature (whose writers had their minds on higher things) but in language textbooks for ancient Latin learners. These 'colloquia' offer an ancient introduction to Roman culture, covering such areas as shopping, banking, bathing, dining, arguing, and going to school; recently rediscovered, they are here presented for the first time in a format aimed at readers with no prior knowledge of Latin, Greek, or the ancient world. They come complete with introductory material, extensive illustrations, and a full explanation of their fascinating history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditorial Reviews\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReview\u003cbr\u003e 'Eleanor Dickey's [book] deserves serious consideration for those tasked with introducing the ancient world to students ... Stories of Daily Life, in short, will prove to be a versatile, potent, and inexpensive supplement to a variety of courses on the ancient world, even for students with little familiarity with antiquity more broadly.' Charles McNamara, Gnomon\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook Description\u003cbr\u003e This book provides English translations of newly discovered texts in an easily understandable presentation, with extensive illustrations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbout the Author\u003cbr\u003e Eleanor Dickey was educated at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania and the University of Oxford, has taught in Canada and the United States, and is currently Professor of Classics at the University of Reading. She is a Fellow of the British Academy and has published more than 100 scholarly works, including Greek Forms of Address (1996), Latin Forms of Address (2002), Ancient Greek Scholarship (2007), The Colloquia of the Hermeneumata Pseudodositheana (2012-15), Learning Latin the Ancient Way (2016), Introduction to the Composition and Analysis of Greek Prose (2016), and Learn Latin from the Romans (2017). She is a dedicated and passionate teacher who enjoys introducing students to the ancient world and has brought decades of experience to making this book clear and accessible to people with no prior background.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42706935021730,"sku":"","price":220.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/products\/9781316627280.jpg?v=1665149335"},{"product_id":"a-concise-history-of-the-world-by-merry-e-wiesner-hanks","title":"A Concise History of the World by Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781107694538\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCambridge University Press, 06 Mar 2019\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback, 405 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescription\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis book tells the story of humankind as producers and reproducers from the Paleolithic to the present. Renowned social and cultural historian Merry Wiesner-Hanks brings a new perspective to world history by examining social and cultural developments across the globe, including families and kin groups, social and gender hierarchies, sexuality, race and ethnicity, labor, religion, consumption, and material culture. She examines how these structures and activities changed over time through local processes and interactions with other cultures, highlighting key developments that defined particular eras such as the growth of cities or the creation of a global trading network. Incorporating foragers, farmers and factory workers along with shamans, scribes and secretaries, the book widens and lengthens human history. It makes comparisons and generalizations, but also notes diversities and particularities, as it examines the social and cultural matters that are at the heart of big questions in world history today.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42800356229282,"sku":"","price":180.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/products\/9781107694538.jpg?v=1667817289"},{"product_id":"9781108423649","title":"Cosmos in the Ancient World Edited by Phillip Sidney Horky","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781108423649\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCambridge University Press 01 January 2019\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardcover 348\"pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHow did the ancient Greeks and Romans conceptualise order? This book answers that question by analysing the formative concept of kosmos ('order', 'arrangement', 'ornament') in ancient literature, philosophy, science, art, and religion. This concept encouraged the Greeks and Romans to develop theories to explain core aspects of human life, including nature, beauty, society, politics, the individual, and what lies beyond human experience. Hence, Greek kosmos, and its Latin correlate mundus, are subjects of profound reflection by a wide range of important ancient figures, including philosophers (Parmenides, Empedocles, the Pythagoreans, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, Lucretius, Cicero, Seneca, Plotinus), poets and playwrights (Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, Plautus, Marcus Argentarius, Nonnus), intellectuals (Gorgias, Protagoras, Varro), and religious exegetes (Philo, the Gospel Writers, Paul). By revealing kosmos in its many ancient manifestations, this book asks us to rethink our own sense of 'order', and to reflect on our place within a broader cosmic history.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43835463434402,"sku":"","price":800.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/61Q_8lmaHwL._SL1360.jpg?v=1701251250"},{"product_id":"kosovo-a-short-history-by-noel-malcolm-author","title":"Kosovo: A Short History by Noel Malcolm (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780333666128\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Macmillan; 1st edition, 5th printing (24 April 1998)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardcover ‏ : ‎ 544 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe situation in Kosovo is different to that of the rest of Yugoslavia. Trapped between Albania and Serbia, the tensions between these two are, it seems, \"ethnic\", as two groups with different languages, cultures and religions vie for political autonomy. By the early-1980s Kosovo had reached a state of permanent crisis and military occupation, and it became the main focus for the revival of Serbian nationalism. This book traces the history of Kosovo and examines the Yugoslavian conflict, and the part played by Western Europe in its destruction. Noel Malcolm is the author of \"Bosnia\".\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44517657215138,"sku":"","price":150.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/md31699193908.jpg?v=1715940952"},{"product_id":"the-cambridge-intellectual-history-of-byzantium-by-anthony-kaldellis-editor-niketas-siniossoglou-editor","title":"The Cambridge Intellectual History of Byzantium by Anthony Kaldellis (Editor), Niketas Siniossoglou (Editor)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781107041813\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Cambridge University Press (December 28, 2017)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardcover ‏ : ‎ 798 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis volume brings into being the field of Byzantine intellectual history. Shifting focus from the cultural, social, and economic study of Byzantium to the life and evolution of ideas in their context, it provides an authoritative history of intellectual endeavors from Late Antiquity to the fifteenth century. At its heart lie the transmission, transformation, and shifts of Hellenic, Christian, and Byzantine ideas and concepts as exemplified in diverse aspects of intellectual life, from philosophy, theology, and rhetoric to astrology, astronomy, and politics. Case studies introduce the major players in Byzantine intellectual life, and particular emphasis is placed on the reception of ancient thought and its significance for secular as well as religious modes of thinking and acting. New insights are offered regarding controversial, understudied, or promising topics of research, such as philosophy and medical thought in Byzantium, and intellectual exchanges with the Arab world\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!----\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44813529350306,"sku":"","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/71ORG1lC4wL._SL1360.jpg?v=1722344329"},{"product_id":"the-divided-city-by-corinne-pache-translator-jeff-fort-translator","title":"The Divided City by Corinne Pache (Translator), Jeff Fort (Translator)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781890951092\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Zone Books (April 25, 2006)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback ‏ : ‎ 360 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAthens, 403 BCE. The end of the bloody oligarchic dictatorship of the Thirty. The democrats return to the city victorious. Renouncing vengeance, in an act of amnesia, citizens call for ― if not invent ― amnesty. They agree to forget the unforgettable, the “past misfortunes” of civil strife, stasis. More precisely, what must be denied is that stasis ― simultaneously partisanship, faction, and sedition ― is at the heart of Greek politics.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis crucial moment of Athenian political history, Nicole Loraux argues in The Divided City, must be interpreted as constitutive of, not a threat to, politics and political life. Divided from within and against itself, the city is formed by that which it refuses. Conflict, the calamity of civil war, is the other, dark side of the beautiful, unitary city of Athens. Beneath the Greek city erected in totality and ideality, Loraux rediscovers the discord affecting the entire city, the stasis manifesting the fundamental conflictual ambivalence of the civic order. The city, by definition, “is doomed to divide itself in two.”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIn a brilliant analysis of the Greek word for voting, diaphora, Loraux underscores the conflictual and dynamic motion of democratic life: voting appears as the process of dividing up, of disagreement, in short, of agreeing to divide up and choose between. Not only does Loraux reconceptualize the definition of ancient Greek democracy, but she ultimately allows the contemporary reader to rethink the functioning of modern democracies in its critical moments of dissension and divide, of internal stasis.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44912748888226,"sku":"","price":250.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/414zFN6zakL.jpg?v=1726237306"},{"product_id":"france-a-modern-history-from-the-revolution-to-the-war-with-terror-by-jonathan-fenby-author","title":"France: A Modern History from the Revolution to the War with Terror by Jonathan Fenby (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781250096838\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSaint Martens Press, 8 November 2016\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback, 576 pages \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWith the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815, the next two centuries for France would be tumultuous. Critically acclaimed historian and political commentator Jonathan Fenby provides an expert and riveting journey through this period as he recounts and analyzes the extraordinary sequence of events of this period from the end of the First Revolution through two others, a return of Empire, three catastrophic wars with Germany, periods of stability and hope interspersed with years of uncertainty and high tensions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs her cross-channel neighbor Great Britain would equally suffer, France was to undergo the wrenching loss of colonies in the post-Second World War era as the new modern world we know today took shape. Her attempts to become the leader of the European union was a constant struggle, as was her lack of support for America in the two Gulf Wars of the past twenty years. Alongside this came huge social changes and cultural landmarks, but also fundamental questioning of what this nation, which considers itself exceptional, really stood―and stands―for. That saga and those questions permeate the France of today, now with an implacable enemy to face in the form of Islamic extremism which so bloodily announced itself this year in Paris. Fenby will detail every event, every struggle, and every outcome across this expanse of 200 years. It will prove to be the definitive guide to understanding France.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45233845174434,"sku":"","price":360.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/81DhTn15QGL._SL1500.jpg?v=1738851045"},{"product_id":"hadrian-and-the-triumph-of-rome-by-anthony-everitt-author","title":"Hadrian and the Triumph of Rome  by Anthony Everitt (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781400066629\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Random House (September 1, 2009)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardcover ‏ : ‎ 432 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcclaimed author Anthony Everitt, whose Augustus was praised by the Philadelphia Inquirer as “a narrative of sustained drama and skillful analysis,” is the rare writer whose work both informs and enthralls. InHadrian and the Triumph of Rome–the first major account of the emperor in nearly a century–Everitt presents a compelling, richly researched biography of the man whom he calls arguably “the most successful of Rome’s rulers.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBorn in A.D. 76, Hadrian lived through and ruled during a tempestuous era, a time when the Colosseum was opened to the public and Pompeii was buried under a mountain of lava and ash. Everitt vividly recounts Hadrian’s thrilling life, in which the emperor brings a century of disorder and costly warfare to a peaceful conclusion while demonstrating how a monarchy can be compatible with good governance. Hadrian was brave and astute–despite his sometimes prickly demeanor–as well as an accomplished huntsman, poet, and student of philosophy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat distinguished Hadrian’s rule, according to Everitt, were two insights that inevitably ensured the empire’s long and prosperous future: He ended Rome’s territorial expansion, which had become strategically and economically untenable, by fortifying her boundaries (the many famed Walls of Hadrian), and he effectively “Hellenized” Rome by anointing Athens the empire’s cultural center, thereby making Greek learning and art vastly more prominent in Roman life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith unprecedented detail, Everitt illuminates Hadrian’s private life, including his marriage to Sabina–a loveless, frequently unhappy bond that bore no heirs–and his enduring yet doomed relationship with the true love of his life, Antinous, a beautiful young Bithynian man. Everitt also covers Hadrian’s war against the Jews, which planted the seeds of present-day discord in the Middle East.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite his tremendous legacy–including a virtual “marble biography” of still-standing structures–Hadrian is considered one of Rome’s more enigmatic emperors. But making splendid use of recently discovered archaeological materials and his own exhaustive research, Everitt sheds new light on one of the most important figures of the ancient world.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45369109872802,"sku":"","price":240.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/61eXPEVP3lL._SL1024.jpg?v=1742901760"},{"product_id":"the-rape-of-europa-the-fate-of-europes-treasures-in-the-third-reich-and-the-second-world-war-by-lynn-h-nicholas","title":"The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World War by Lynn H. Nicholas","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780333626528\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlfred A. Knopf; First Edition, 1 January 1994\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardback, 498 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA very good, clean and sound copy in cream boards with black cloth spine, silver title on spine with a very good dust jacket.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45414003277986,"sku":"","price":120.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/download_5fd0f07c-1141-4146-8bd5-277987bbc15b.jpg?v=1744296526"},{"product_id":"napoleons-proconsul-in-egypt-the-life-and-times-of-bernardino-drovetti-by-ronald-t-ridley-author","title":"Napoleon's Proconsul in Egypt: The Life and Times of Bernardino Drovetti by Ronald T. Ridley (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780948695599\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Stacey International, \u003cspan\u003eDecember 31, 1998\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 384 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBernardino Drovetti was the French consul in Egypt for most of the early 19th century. After an important career in the Napoleonic army, he came to Egypt in 1803 where he was to play a leading role in many fields: diplomacy, politics, archaeology and exploration, amassing no fewer than three collections of antiquities.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45557250097314,"sku":"","price":200.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/download_8f0bd3f2-4ec0-4b35-9778-4d11b02485b1.jpg?v=1748949191"},{"product_id":"pirates-of-new-spain-1575-1742-dover-maritime-by-peter-gerhard-author","title":"Pirates of New Spain, 1575-1742 (Dover Maritime) by Peter Gerhard (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780486426112\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Dover Publications, \u003cspan\u003eMarch 21, 2003\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 272 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCaptivating, well-documented study focuses on piracy among Spain's Pacific coast colonies, ranging from Panama to points north. Gerhard traces the exploits of the Elizabethan pirates — most notably, Sir Francis Drake and the crew of the Golden Hind —Dutch raiders, mercenary buccaneers like Captain Morgan, and the incursions of English smugglers.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45637013110946,"sku":"","price":180.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/51lf2DMqcvL.jpg?v=1750848803"},{"product_id":"1000-years-of-annoying-the-french-by-stephen-clarke-author","title":"1000 Years of Annoying the French by Stephen Clarke (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780552775748\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Black Swan Books, Limited, \u003cspan\u003eJanuary 1, 2011\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 685 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe author of A Year in the Merde and Talk to the Snail offers a highly biased and hilarious view of French history in this international bestseller.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThings have been just a little awkward between Britain and France ever since the Norman invasion in 1066. Fortunately—after years of humorously chronicling the vast cultural gap between the two countries—author Stephen Clarke is perfectly positioned to investigate the historical origins of their occasionally hostile and perpetually entertaining pas de deux.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eClarke sets the record straight, documenting how French braggarts and cheats have stolen credit rightfully due their neighbors across the Channel while blaming their own numerous gaffes and failures on those same innocent Brits for the past thousand years. Deeply researched and written with the same sly wit that made A Year in the Merde a comic hit, this lighthearted trip through the past millennium debunks the notion that the Battle of Hastings was a French victory (William the Conqueror was really a Norman who hated the French) and pooh-poohs French outrage over Britain’s murder of Joan of Arc (it was the French who executed her for wearing trousers). He also takes the air out of overblown Gallic claims, challenging the provenance of everything from champagne to the guillotine to prove that the French would be nowhere without British ingenuity.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eBrits and Anglophiles of every national origin will devour Clarke’s decidedly biased accounts of British triumph and French ignominy. But 1000 Years of Annoying the French will also draw chuckles from good-humored Francophiles as well as “anyone who’s ever encountered a snooty Parisian waiter or found themselves driving on the Boulevard Périphérique during August” (The Daily Mail). A bestseller in Britain, this is an entertaining look at history that fans of Sarah Vowell are sure to enjoy, from the author the San Francisco Chronicle has called “the anti-Mayle . . . acerbic, insulting, un-PC, and mostly hilarious.”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45657319997602,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/91HVHK9QmhL._SY342.jpg?v=1751632114"},{"product_id":"the-nineteenth-century-europe-1789-1914-by-t-c-w-blanning-editor","title":"The Nineteenth Century: Europe 1789-1914 by T. C. W. Blanning (Editor)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780198731351\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press, \u003cspan\u003eAugust 10, 2000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 318 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIn the nineteenth century Europe changed more rapidly and more radically than during any prior period. These six specially commissioned chapters by eminent historians offer the student and general reader a unique approach to understanding one of the most complex periods of modern history, addressing all the major issues in Europe's political, social, economic, cultural, international, and Imperial history.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45662896980130,"sku":null,"price":140.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/719UDKW8cxL._SL1500.jpg?v=1751888588"},{"product_id":"the-pursuit-of-happiness-a-history-from-the-greeks-to-the-present-by-darrin-mcmahon-author","title":"The Pursuit of Happiness: A History from the Greeks to the Present by Darrin McMahon (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780140295269\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Penguin, January 1, 2007\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback, 560 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHappiness and its pursuit have been a constant source of fascination and attraction for thousands of years. In ancient Greek tragedy, happiness was considered a gift of the gods. Now we consider it a right. Why did this change and what does it tell us about our society? The Pursuit of Happiness offers a brilliant summation of the history of happiness, and its evolution from divine gift to natural human entitlement. Central to the development of Christianity, ideas of happiness assumed their modern form during the Enlightenment. Darrin McMahon follows this great search through to the present day, showing how our modern quest for the ‘holy grail’ of happiness continues to generate new forms of pleasure, but also, paradoxically, new forms of pain. Perfect happiness, like the holy grail, may exist only in our minds, and McMahon helps us discover that, as for Cervantes’ knight of sad countenance, Quixote, to travel is better than to arrive.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45662921457826,"sku":null,"price":140.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/61p24T1ZyjL._SL1167.jpg?v=1751889203"},{"product_id":"the-waning-of-the-middle-ages-by-johan-h-huizinga-author","title":"The Waning of the Middle Ages by Johan H Huizinga (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781849028950\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Benediction Books, \u003cspan\u003eDecember 8, 2009\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 338 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis text studies life, thought and art in France and the Netherlands in the 14th and 15th centuries. Johan Huizinga challenges the prevailing notion that the Middle Ages were just a prelude to the Renaissance.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45662937055394,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/71tlSvnf9kL._SL1360.jpg?v=1751890022"},{"product_id":"albert-speer-his-battle-with-truth-by-gitta-sereny-author","title":"Albert Speer : His Battle With Truth by Gitta Sereny (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eSECOND HAND\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780330346979\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Picador,  January 1, 1996\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback, 768 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlbert Speer was Hitler's architect before the Second World War. Through Hitler's great trust in him and Speer's own genius for organisation he became, effectively from 1942 overlord of the entire war economy, making him the second most powerful man in the Third Reich. Sentenced to twenty years imprisonment in Spandau Prison at the Nuremberg Trails, Speer attempted to progress from moral extinction to moral self-education. How he came to terms with his own acts and failures to act and his real culpability in Nazi war crimes are the questions at the centre of this book. The author had access to Speer, his family and friends and his private papers.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45664788676770,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/71--oH29a-L._SL1500.jpg?v=1751965286"},{"product_id":"future-history-of-the-arctic-by-charles-emmerson-author","title":"Future History of the Arctic by Charles Emmerson (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780099523536\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Vintage Books USA, January 1, 2011\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback, 432 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreviously always at the margins of global affairs, the Arctic has now found its way to the centre of the issues which will challenge and define our world in the twenty-first century. The region is warming faster than anywhere else on the planet and its future is uncertain, with the rush to claim the territory one of the ugliest aspects of the hydrocarbon era. In \"The Future History of the Arctic\", geopolitics expert Charles Emmerson weaves together the history of the region with reportage and reflection, revealing a vast and complex area, loaded with opportunity and rich in challenges. Travelling from the oil-fields of Prudhoe Bay and the Russian port of Murmansk to the shores of Greenland and the militarised borderlands of northern Norway we learn how the Arctic nations have used the area's resources, and how past ideas frame the future.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45664797753506,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/718KpV4rXCL._SL1169.jpg?v=1751965821"},{"product_id":"queen-empress-concubine-by-claudia-gold-author","title":"Queen, Empress, Concubine by Claudia Gold (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781847245427\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Quercus, \u003cspan\u003eJanuary 1, 2008\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHardcover, 256 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe number of women who have ruled as queens or empresses, or governed as presidents or prime ministers, remains but a small subset of the total of those who have attained ultimate political power. But this elite group of women, who - through dynastic succession, democratic election or other means - have reached the heights of political and ceremonial leadership, includes some of the most influential and charismatic figures of world history. Queen, Empress, Concubine paints vivid portraits of the lives of 50 extraordinary women who have held positions of executive or ceremonial power throughout history, from the Queen of Sheba to Margaret Thatcher. Each biographical profile sets its subject clearly in the culture and context of its time, enabling author Claudia Gold not only to tell the stories of 50 courageous and fiercely independent women, but also to provide a fascinating and informative alternative social history of the last 3500 years.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45664937541794,"sku":null,"price":200.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/download_0ff341dd-7f30-4cfa-96c4-bfd595c849d2.jpg?v=1751970202"},{"product_id":"speaking-of-slavery-color-ethnicity-and-human-bondage-in-italy-by-steven-a-epstein-author","title":"Speaking of Slavery: Color, Ethnicity, and Human Bondage in Italy by Steven A. Epstein (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780801438486\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Cornell University Press, \u003cspan\u003eJanuary 18, 2001\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 234 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this highly original work, Steven A. Epstein shows that the ways Italians employ words and think about race and labor are profoundly affected by the language used in medieval Italy to sustain a system of slavery. The author's findings about the surprising persistence of the \"language of slavery\" demonstrate the difficulty of escaping the legacy of a shameful past.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor Epstein, language is crucial to understanding slavery, for it preserves the hidden conditions of that institution. He begins his book by discussing the words used to conduct and describe slavery in Italy, from pertinent definitions given in early dictionaries, to the naming of slaves by their masters, to the ways in which bondage has been depicted by Italian writers from Dante to Primo Levi and Antonio Gramsci. Epstein then probes Italian legal history, tracing the evolution of contracts for buying, selling, renting, and freeing people. Next he considers the behaviors of slaves and slave owners as a means of exploring how concepts of liberty and morality changed over time. He concludes by analyzing the language of the market, where medieval Italians used words to fix the prices of people they bought and sold.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first history of slavery in Italy ever published, Epstein's work has important implications for other societies, particularly America's. \"For too long,\" Epstein notes, \"Americans have studied their own slavery as it if were the only one ever to have existed, as if it were the archetype of all others.\" His book allows citizens of the United States and other former slave-holding nations a richer understanding of their past and present.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45667360243874,"sku":null,"price":300.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/61i_JoY7vuL._SL1024.jpg?v=1752068527"},{"product_id":"italy-and-its-discontents-1980-to-2001-by-paul-ginsborg-author","title":"Italy And Its Discontents: 1980 To 2001 by Paul Ginsborg (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780140247947\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Penguin UK, December 31, 2002\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback, 592 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this long-awaited book (already a major bestseller in Italy) Ginsborg has created a fascinating, sophisticated and definitive account of how Italy has coped, or failed to cope, with the past two decades. Contemporary Italy strongly mirrors Britain - the countries have roughly the same extent, population size and GNP - and yet they are fantastically different. Ginsborg sees this difference as most fundamentally clear in the role of the family and it is the family which is at the heart of Italian politics and business. Anyone wishing to understand contemporary Italy will find it essential to have this enormously attractive and intelligent book.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672736358562,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/61l7qljnKNL._SL1200.jpg?v=1752224260"},{"product_id":"between-crown-and-community-politics-and-civic-culture-in-sixteenth-century-poitiers-by-hilary-j-bernstein-author","title":"Between Crown and Community: Politics and Civic Culture in Sixteenth-Century Poitiers by Hilary J. Bernstein (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780801442346\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Cornell University Press, \u003cspan\u003eDecember 31, 2004\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHardcover, 313 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sixteenth century was an important period of transition in France, in which antagonistic religious beliefs led to prolonged civil wars and a growing state apparatus competed with medieval notions of political authority and the social order. Poitiers, a midsized provincial capital, actively experienced these tensions. Early known as a center of Reformed belief, it became a stronghold of ultra-Catholic sentiment by 1575. In examining sixteenth-century Poitiers, Hilary J. Bernstein argues that civic governments and the French monarchy enjoyed a mutually beneficial and reinforcing relationship rather than an antagonistic one; that disparate urban groups shared a political language for defining the identity and interests of the city that helped to balance the exclusive nature of urban government; and that French provincial cities did not suffer inevitable decline at the hands of the developing state but, instead, continued to help define the nature of early modern political culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThough Poitiers continued to celebrate the traditions and institutions of local rule, it sought throughout the century to maintain a strong bond with the monarchy. Bernsteins meticulous research in the rich archives of Poitiers allows her to analyze early modern rhetorical culture and reveal the processes of daily decisionmaking. Using contemporary printed sources, she compares Poitiers to other cities and draws general conclusions about royal policies toward provincial cities. Between Crown and Community illustrates in precise and sometimes dramatic fashion the actual performance of politicsthe interaction of political identities, rhetorical strategies, and ritual practices with the civic traditions of the premodern urban world.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672819032226,"sku":null,"price":200.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/517SR35YX7L.jpg?v=1752229516"},{"product_id":"church-religion-and-society-in-early-modern-spain-by-helen-rawlings-author","title":"Church, Religion and Society in Early Modern Spain by Helen Rawlings (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780333636947\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Red Globe Press, \u003cspan\u003e30 May 2002\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHardcover, 185 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe early modern Spanish Church has long been associated with religious and racial intolerance, the brutality of the Inquisition, the repression of intellectual and spiritual freedom, and the fervour and fanaticism that underpinned Spanish imperialism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, behind Spain's identification with orthodoxy, regulation and discipline in religious life, there lay a contrasting image that modern historians have only recently begun to explore. Helen Rawlings argues convincingly that there is now sufficient evidence to point to the survival of multi-cultural influences in Spanish society, the extent of innovative trends in religious scholarship, the vitality of popular religious culture, the failure of aspects of ecclesiastical reform and the shortcomings of Spain's missionary enterprise overseas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this invaluable new study, Rawlings evaluates modern approaches to the history of the early modern Spanish Church and examines the results of new research carried out in the field. As well as challenging some of the findings of traditional scholarship, the author assesses and explores the strengths, weaknesses and contradictions inherent in Spain's identification with Catholicism. 11\/07\/2025\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672831221922,"sku":null,"price":168.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/61uzNlF9nhL._SL1276.jpg?v=1752230602"},{"product_id":"modernism-and-the-new-spain-britain-cosmopolitan-europe-and-literary-history-by-gayle-rogers-author","title":"Modernism and the New Spain: Britain, Cosmopolitan Europe, and Literary History by Gayle Rogers (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780199914975\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press, \u003cspan\u003eOctober 3, 2012\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHardcover, 304 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHow and why did a country seen as remote, backwards, and barely European become a pivotal site for reinventing the continent after the Great War? Modernism and the New Spain argues that the \"Spanish problem\"-the nation's historically troubled relationship with Europe-provided an animating impulse for interwar literary modernism and for new conceptions of cosmopolitanism. Drawing on works in a variety of genres, Gayle Rogers reconstructs an archive of cross-cultural exchanges to reveal the mutual constitution of two modernist movements-one in Britain, the other in Spain, and stretching at key moments in between to Ireland and the Americas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral sites of transnational collaboration form the core of Rogers's innovative literary history.\u003cbr\u003eThe relationship between T. S. Eliot's Criterion and José Ortega y Gasset's Revista de Occidente shows how the two journals joined to promote a cosmopolitan agenda. A similar case of kindred spirits appears with the 1922 publication of Joyce's Ulysses. The novel's forward-thinking sentiments on race and nation resonated powerfully within Spain, where a generation of writers searched for non-statist forms through which they might express a new European Hispanicity. These cultural ties between the Anglo-Irish and Spanish-speaking worlds increased with the outbreak of civil war in 1936. Rogers explores the connections between fighting Spanish fascism and dismantling the English patriarchal system in Virginia Woolf's Three Guineas, along with the international, anti-fascist poetic community formed by Stephen Spender, Manuel Altolaguirre, and others as they sought to establish Federico García Lorca as an apolitical Spanish-European poet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMining a rich array of sources that includes novels, periodicals, biographies, translations, and poetry in English and in Spanish, Modernism and the New Spain adds a vital new international perspective to modernist studies, revealing how writers created alliances that unified local and international reforms to reinvent Europe not in the London-Paris-Berlin nexus, but in Madrid. 11\/07\/2025\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672834007202,"sku":null,"price":430.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/51lmbTMuAuL.jpg?v=1752230703"},{"product_id":"spanish-cultural-studies-an-introduction-the-struggle-for-modernity-by-helen-graham-editor-jo-labanyi-editor","title":"Spanish Cultural Studies: An Introduction: The Struggle for Modernity by Helen Graham (Editor), Jo Labanyi (Editor)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780198151999\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press, \u003cspan class=\"a-text-bold\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMarch 14, 1996\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 478 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSpanish cultural studies are still in their infancy and to date there has been little interdisciplinary work. Spanish Cultural Studies: An Introduction maps out the new terrain, taking into account the major changes which have been taking place in the context of Spanish Studies in both secondary and higher education. The focus is now upon a broader range of cultural forms, so this book adopts an interdisciplinary approach in its wide-ranging study of twentieth-century Spanish culture and society, emphasizing recent and contemporary developments.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672838955170,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/download_f32fd595-c31a-4c09-a813-7c23520851c3.jpg?v=1752230899"},{"product_id":"spain-an-oxford-archaeological-guide-by-roger-collins-author","title":"Spain: An Oxford Archaeological Guide  by Roger Collins (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780192853004\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press,  June 25, 1998\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback, 344 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpain's opulent mixture of cultures and religions have left it rich with notable sites for the traveler to explore. Roger Collins presents a clear guide to over 100 major Roman, Celtiberian, Islamic, and Christian archaeological areas of interest dating from the Roman Empire to the eleventh century. From the Arab Walls of Madrid to the Roman hippodrome in Toledo, and from the palace complex of Seville to the Islamic fortress in Malaga,Spain is a thorough and convenient guide.\u003cbr\u003eArranged alphabetically, and with chronological and geographical appendices for quick and easy reference, this illustrated guide also includes essential information on forums, temples, theaters, villas, castles, and churches. An introduction surveys Spain's history from the Neolithic period to the Middle Ages, and extensive descriptions of sites help make learning about or traveling to Spain comprehensible and enjoyable.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672841543842,"sku":null,"price":130.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/81YJu8kgtsL._SL1373.jpg?v=1752231028"},{"product_id":"the-disinherited-exile-and-the-making-of-spanish-culture-1492-1975-by-henry-kamen-author","title":"The Disinherited: Exile and the Making of Spanish Culture, 1492-1975 by Henry Kamen (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN:9780060730864\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Harper, \u003cspan\u003eNovember 27, 2007\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHardcover, 528 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFew would doubt that Spain has for several centuries made a huge contribution to Europe's culture. We all carry in our heads a seductive picture of what Spain stands for: its music, painting, buildings, and history. But what we do not understand is how much of this was the achievement of a very specific group: the Spanish in exile.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHenry Kamen's The Disinherited is the most significant and enjoyable book on Spain to appear for many years. He creates a picture of a dysfunctional, violent country that, since the destruction of the last Muslim territories in Granada in 1492, has expelled wave after wave of its citizens in a brutal attempt to create religious and social conformity. Muslims, Jews, Protestants, liberals, Socialists, and Communists were all driven abroad at different times, and consequently what we think of as Spanish culture was substantially their invention—a creative response both to having no home and to the shock of encountering new worlds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith brilliant sympathy, Kamen describes these diverse exiles' travails as they scattered across Europe and Africa, across North and South America, many of them debarred by religion or politics from ever returning to Spain.They engaged in an unending project of fantasy about their old homeland—from the Sephardic communities of Amsterdam to the exiled Granada Muslims in Morocco, from liberal historians inventing the Black Legend of the Inquisition to painters in Paris inventing turreted, sensual Orientalist fantasies about the Alhambra. The twentieth century saw fresh waves of exile—from Picasso to Miró, Dalí to Buñuel, from Casals to Falla to Rodrigo—converting Spain itself into a cultural wasteland but enriching other cultures enormously. The Disinherited is a landmark work of cultural recovery, showing how Spain's history has created a \"virtual\" culture imagined by people often thousands of miles from home—but whose impact on the world has been incalculable.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672844820642,"sku":null,"price":195.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/51Ebwdb7TLL.jpg?v=1752231274"},{"product_id":"death-in-florence-the-medici-savonarola-and-the-battle-for-the-soul-of-man-by-paul-strathern-author","title":"Death in Florence: The Medici, Savonarola and the Battle for the Soul of Man by Paul Strathern (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780099546443\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Vintage, \u003cspan\u003e3 May 2012\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 480 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLorenzo de' Medici:\u003cbr\u003eThe embodiment of Florence's most powerful family, a brutal man who ruled the city with an iron fist, whilst protecting it from the shifting mire of Italian politics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFra Girolamo Savonarola:\u003cbr\u003eAn unprepossessing provincial monk whose sermons, filled with Old Testament fury, resonated with the disenfranchised population of the city.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe battle between these two men would be a fight to the death, a series of sensational events - including a mighty foreign invasion, trial by fire, the 'Bonfire of the Vanities', terrible executions and mysterious deaths - featuring a cast of the most important and charismatic Renaissance figures.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672849178786,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/81Cr-3ueZ0L._SL1500.jpg?v=1752231748"},{"product_id":"1848-year-of-revolution-by-mike-rapport-author-1","title":"1848: Year of Revolution by Mike Rapport (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780465014361\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Basic Books, \u003cspan\u003eFebruary 3, 2009\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardcover, 496 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e In 1848, a violent storm of revolutions ripped through Europe. The torrent all but swept away the conservative order that had kept peace on the continent since Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo in 1815—but which in many countries had also suppressed dreams of national freedom. Political events so dramatic had not been seen in Europe since the French Revolution, and they would not be witnessed again until 1989, with the revolutions in Eastern and Central Europe.\u003cbr\u003eIn 1848, historian Mike Rapport examines the roots of the ferment and then, with breathtaking pace, chronicles the explosive spread of violence across Europe. A vivid narrative of a complex chain of interconnected revolutions, 1848 tells the exhilarating story of Europe's violent “Spring of Nations” and traces its reverberations to the present day.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672849735842,"sku":null,"price":240.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/51QMiHRY2BL_ebd61de4-196d-4789-92f0-92a5ba50de88.jpg?v=1752231822"},{"product_id":"scourge-and-fire-savonarola-in-renaissance-italy-by-martines-lauro","title":"Scourge and Fire: Savonarola in Renaissance Italy  by Martines Lauro","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781844134137\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher: Pimlico Publishing ltd, 2007\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback, 320 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA riveting new book about Savonarola, a lowly friar of Renaissance Florence, but also a charismatic preacher and the talk of all Italy in the 1490s when he called for the renewal of a corrupt Church and the purging of vile governments.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672853766306,"sku":null,"price":85.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/9781844134137-us.jpg?v=1752232173"},{"product_id":"the-force-of-destiny-a-history-of-italy-since-1796-by-christopher-duggan-author","title":"The Force of Destiny: A History Of Italy Since 1796 by Christopher Duggan (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780141013909\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Penguin UK, \u003cspan\u003eAugust 26, 2008\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 500 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe greatness of Italy's culture and way of life have had a powerful attraction for many generations of visitors. This has created an overwhelming sense that Italy is a fundamentally benign and easy going country. The Force of Destiny, Christopher Duggan's immensely enjoyable new book, lays waste to this idea. While sharing everyone's enthusiasm for Italy as a place, he strongly distinguishes this from its political role over the past two centuries, which has been both vicious and ruinous for Europe as a whole.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672857632930,"sku":null,"price":120.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/61mGLj31aLL._SL1200.jpg?v=1752232701"},{"product_id":"garibaldi-and-the-making-of-italy-june-november-1860-by-george-macaulay-trevelyan-author","title":"Garibaldi and the Making of Italy: June - November, 1860 by George MacAulay Trevelyan (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781842124734\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Phoenix, \u003cspan\u003eMarch 1, 2002\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 320 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLeaving his place of exile, Garibaldi returned to Latin America--until called back to Italy in 1854 at the request of Cavour. In triumph, he sailed to Sicily from Genoa with one thousand men to proclaim himself dictator.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672858484898,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/51Xs2vsToSL.jpg?v=1752232843"},{"product_id":"slavery-antiquity-and-its-legacy-by-page-dubois-author","title":"Slavery: Antiquity and Its Legacy by Page duBois (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780195380859\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press, \u003cspan\u003eJanuary 18, 2010\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 224 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\"Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness\" is perhaps the most famous phrase of all in the American Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson's momentous words are closely related to the French concept of \"liberté, égalité, fraternityé\"; and both ideas incarnate a notion of freedom as inalienable human right that in the modern world we expect to take for granted. In the ancient world, by contrast, the concepts of freedom and equality had little purchase. Athenians, Spartans and Romans all possessed slaves or helots (unfree bondsmen), and society was unequal at every stratum. Why, then, if modern society abominates slavery, does what antiquity thought about serfdom matter today?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672866873506,"sku":null,"price":180.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/81XE-WFy5IL._SL1500.jpg?v=1752233185"},{"product_id":"rome-and-the-barbarians-100-b-c-a-d-400-by-thomas-s-burns-author","title":"Rome and the Barbarians, 100 B.C.–A.D. 400 by Thomas S. Burns (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780801873065\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Johns Hopkins University Press, \u003cspan\u003eSeptember 8, 2003\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHardcover, 480 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe barbarians of antiquity, so long a fixture of the public imagination as the savages who sacked and destroyed Rome, emerge in this colorful, richly textured history as a much more complex―and far more interesting―factor in the expansion, and eventual unmaking, of the Roman Empire. Thomas S. Burns marshals an abundance of archeological and literary evidence, as well as three decades of study and experience, to bring forth an unusually far-sighted and wide-ranging account of the relations between Romans and non-Romans along the frontiers of western Europe from the last years of the Republic into late antiquity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLooking at a 500-year time span beginning with early encounters between barbarians and Romans around 100 B.C. and ending with the spread of barbarian settlement in the western Empire around A.D. 400, Burns removes the barbarians from their narrow niche as invaders and conquerors and places them in the broader context of neighbors, (sometimes bitter) friends, and settlers. His nuanced history subtly shows how Rome's relations with the barbarians―and vice versa―slowly but inexorably evolved from general ignorance, hostility, and suspicion toward tolerance, synergy, and integration. What he describes is, in fact, a drawn-out period of acculturation, characterized more by continuity than by change and conflict and leading to the creation of a new Romano-barbarian hybrid society and culture that anticipated the values and traditions of medieval civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672869036194,"sku":null,"price":220.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/61fqG-0CPOL._SL1071.jpg?v=1752233670"},{"product_id":"the-conquests-of-alexander-the-great-by-waldemar-heckel-author","title":"The Conquests of Alexander the Great  by Waldemar Heckel (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780521842471\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Cambridge University Press, November 5, 2007\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardcover, 242 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this book, Waldemar Heckel provides a revisionist overview of the conquests of Alexander the Great. Emphasizing the aims and impact of his military expeditions, the political consequences of military action, and the use of propaganda, both for motivation and justification, his underlying premise is that the basic goals of conquest and the keys to military superiority have not changed dramatically over the millennia. Indeed, as Heckel makes clear, many aristocratic and conquest societies are remarkably similar to that of Alexander in their basic aims and organization.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672872575138,"sku":null,"price":150.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/download_d2206214-dacd-4d7a-b9a2-682b5952118d.jpg?v=1752233754"},{"product_id":"performing-oaths-in-classical-greek-drama-by-judith-fletcher-author","title":"Performing Oaths in Classical Greek Drama by Judith Fletcher (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780521762731\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Cambridge University Press, \u003cspan\u003eJanuary 23, 2012\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHardcover, 288 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOaths were ubiquitous rituals in ancient Athenian legal, commercial, civic and international spheres. Their importance is reflected by the fact that much of surviving Greek drama features a formal oath sworn before the audience. This is the first comprehensive study of that phenomenon. The book explores how the oath can mark or structure a dramatic plot, at times compelling characters like Euripides' Hippolytus to act contrary to their best interests. It demonstrates how dramatic oaths resonate with oath rituals familiar to the Athenian audiences. Aristophanes' Lysistrata and her accomplices, for example, swear an oath that blends protocols of international treaties with priestesses' vows of sexual abstinence. By employing the principles of Speech Act theory, this book examines how the performative power of the dramatic oath can mirror the status quo, but also disturb categories of gender, social status and civic identity in ways that redistribute and confound social authority.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672878440610,"sku":null,"price":230.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/510cy7iTK0L.jpg?v=1752233898"},{"product_id":"the-history-written-on-the-classical-greek-body-by-robin-osborne-author","title":"The History Written on the Classical Greek Body by Robin Osborne (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780521176705\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Cambridge University Press, \u003cspan\u003eJuly 7, 2011\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaperback, 278 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis book challenges historians to come to terms with the distortions that they systematically introduce into their work by their reliance on what has been written on paper without looking at what was and was not written on the body. This book is concerned with the ways in which texts relating to classical Greece, and in particular to classical Athens, classified people and with the extent to which those classifications could be seen by the eye. It compares the qualities distinguished in texts to those distinguished in sculpture and painted pottery, and emphasises the frequent invisibility of the categories upon which historians have laid most stress – the citizen, the free person, the foreigner, even the god. The frequent impossibility of seeing who belonged to which category has major political, social, and theological implications which are explored here.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672879063202,"sku":null,"price":360.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/61SUWkjQhXL._SL1437.jpg?v=1752233989"},{"product_id":"storming-the-heavens-soldiers-emperors-and-civilians-in-the-roman-empire-by-antonio-santosuosso-author","title":"Storming the Heavens : Soldiers, Emperors and Civilians in the Roman Empire by Antonio Santosuosso (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN:9780712698863\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ The Harvill Press,  January 1, 2004\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback, 265 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorming the Heavens : Soldiers, Emperors and Civilians in the Roman Empire by Antonio Santosuosso.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672885321890,"sku":null,"price":125.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/9011cf05-4ecf-40ab-90e5-91e7551f9c26.jpg?v=1752234719"},{"product_id":"some-talk-of-alexander-by-frederic-raphael-author","title":"Some Talk of Alexander by Frederic Raphael (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780500512883\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Thames \u0026amp; Hudson, June 1, 2006\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardcover, 336 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA personal journey through Greek history, juxtaposed with remarkable images that vividly depict, trace, and reinforce the art and life of the times.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo \"the classics\" still have relevance at the start of the twenty-first century? Or are they just an outdated repository of class vanity, racial prejudice, and pedantic obscurantism, rooted in abstruse texts and concerned almost entirely with the activities of dead white males in strange costumes? In this wise and witty work, Frederic Raphael springs to the defense of a much-maligned but bracingly elitist world.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn erudite, wide-ranging, fluent, and original piece of writing, Some Talk of Alexander leads us from the personal experiences of the author in modern Greece into the rich store of Greek civilization: its art, politics, philosophy, mores, warfare, ethics, personal relationships, government, and literature. 106 illustrations.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672886239394,"sku":null,"price":140.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/61xYvu3p-YL._SL1200.jpg?v=1752234966"},{"product_id":"city-of-echoes-a-new-history-of-rome-its-popes-and-its-people-by-jessica-warnberg-author","title":"City of Echoes: A New History of Rome, Its Popes, and Its People  by Jessica Wärnberg (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781639365210\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Pegasus Books, September 5, 2023\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardcover, 448 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a bold new historian comes a vibrant history of Rome as seen through its most influential persona throughout the centuries: the pope.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRome is a city of echoes, where the voice of the people has chimed and clashed with the words of princes, emperors, and insurgents across the centuries. In this authoritative new history, Jessica Wärnberg tells the story of Rome’s longest standing figurehead and interlocutor—the pope—revealing how his presence over the centuries has transformed the fate of the city of Rome.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEmerging as the anonymous leader of a marginal cult in the humblest quarters of the city, the pope began as the pastor of a maligned and largely foreign flock. Less than 300 years later, he sat enthroned in a lofty, heavily gilt basilica, a religious leader endorsed (and financed) by the emperor himself. Eventually, the Roman pontiff would supplant even the emperors as de facto ruler of Rome and pre-eminent leader of the Christian world. By the nineteenth century, it would take an army to wrest the city from the pontiff’s grip.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs the first-ever account of how the popes’ presence has shaped the history of Rome, City of Echoes not only illuminates the lives of the remarkable (and unremarkable) men who have sat on the throne of Saint Peter, but also reveals the bold and curious actions of the men, women, and children who have shaped the city with them, from antiquity to today. In doing so, the book tells the history of Rome as it has never been told before.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the course of this fascinating story, City of Echoes also answers a compelling question: how did a man—and institution—whose authority rested on the blood and bones of martyrs defeat emperors, revolutionaries, and fascists to give Rome its most enduring identity?\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45672888369314,"sku":null,"price":300.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/81WSeQZ6kxL._SL1500.jpg?v=1752235314"},{"product_id":"veni-vidi-vici-everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-the-romans-but-were-afraid-to-ask-by-peter-jones-author","title":"Veni, Vidi, Vici: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Romans but Were Afraid to Ask by Peter Jones (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9781848879034\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Atlantic Books, \u003cspan\u003eJune 1, 2014\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHardcover, 416 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA beguiling and entertaining introduction to the Romans, vividly bringing to life the people who helped create the world we live in today\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Romans left a long-lasting legacy and their influence can still be seen all around us, from our calendar and coins to our language and laws, but how much do we really know about them? Help is at hand in the form of this book which tells the remarkable, and often surprising, story of the Romans and the most enduring empire in history. Fusing a lively and entertaining narrative with rigorous research, Veni, Vidi, Vici breaks down each major period into a series of concise nuggets that provide a fascinating commentary on every aspect of the Roman world, from plebs to personalities, sauces to sexuality, games to gladiators, poets to punishments, mosaics to medicine, and Catullus to Christianity.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45673105391778,"sku":null,"price":120.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/914cJk0W9eL._SL1500.jpg?v=1752236373"},{"product_id":"crimes-and-mercies-the-fate-of-german-civilians-under-allied-occupation-1944-1950-by-james-bacque-author","title":"Crimes and Mercies: The Fate of German Civilians Under Allied Occupation, 1944-1950  by James Bacque (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780889225671\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Talonbooks, October 30, 2007\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaperback, 320 pages\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore than 9 million Germans died as a result of deliberate Allied starvation and expulsion policies after World War II―one quarter of the country was annexed, and about 15 million people expelled in the largest act of ethnic cleansing the world has ever known. Over 2 million of these alone, including countless children, died on the road or in concentration camps in Poland and elsewhere. That these deaths occurred at all is still being denied by Western governments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the same time, Herbert Hoover and Canadian Prime Minister MacKenzie King created the largest charity in history, a food-aid program that saved an estimated 800 million lives during three years of global struggle against post–World War II famine―a program they had to struggle for years to make accessible to the German people, who had been excluded from it as a matter of official Allied policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNever before had such revenge been known. Never before had such compassion been shown. The first English-speaking writer to gain access to the newly opened KGB archives in Moscow and to recently declassified information from the renowned Hoover Institution in California, James Bacque tells the extraordinary story of what happened to these people and why.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRevised and updated for this new edition, bestseller Crimes and Mercies was first published by Little, Brown in the U.K. in 1997.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45682470912162,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/81fG6rrvokL._SL1500.jpg?v=1752573200"},{"product_id":"and-the-show-went-on-cultural-life-in-nazi-occupied-paris-by-alan-riding-author","title":"And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris by Alan Riding (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780307268976\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ Knopf, \u003cspan\u003eOctober 19, 2010\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHardcover, 416 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn June 14, 1940, German tanks rolled into a silent and deserted Paris. Eight days later, a humbled France accepted defeat along with foreign occupation. The only consolation was that, while the swastika now flew over Paris, the City of Light was undamaged. Soon, a peculiar kind of normality returned as theaters, opera houses, movie theaters and nightclubs reopened for business. This suited both conquerors and vanquished: the Germans wanted Parisians to be distracted, while the French could show that, culturally at least, they had not been defeated. Over the next four years, the artistic life of Paris flourished with as much verve as in peacetime. Only a handful of writers and intellectuals asked if this was an appropriate response to the horrors of a world war.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlan Riding introduces us to a panoply of writers, painters, composers, actors and dancers who kept working throughout the occupation. Maurice Chevalier and Édith Piaf sang before French and German audiences. Pablo Picasso, whose art was officially banned, continued to paint in his Left Bank apartment. More than two hundred new French films were made, including Marcel Carné’s classic, Les Enfants du paradis. Thousands of books were published by authors as different as the virulent anti-Semite Céline and the anti-Nazis Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre. Meanwhile, as Jewish performers and creators were being forced to flee or, as was Irène Némirovsky, deported to death camps, a small number of artists and intellectuals joined the resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThroughout this penetrating and unsettling account, Riding keeps alive the quandaries facing many of these artists. Were they “saving” French culture by working? Were they betraying France if they performed before German soldiers or made movies with Nazi approval? Was it the intellectual’s duty to take up arms against the occupier? Then, after Paris was liberated, what was deserving punishment for artists who had committed “intelligence with the enemy”?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy throwing light on this critical moment of twentieth-century European cultural history, And the Show Went On focuses anew on whether artists and writers have a special duty to show moral leadership in moments of national trauma.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45682473697442,"sku":null,"price":180.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/816Sb02vEJL._SL1500.jpg?v=1752573321"},{"product_id":"royals-and-the-reich-the-princes-von-hessen-in-nazi-germany-by-jonathan-petropoulos-author","title":"Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany by Jonathan Petropoulos (Author)","description":"\u003cp\u003eISBN: 9780199203772\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher ‏ : ‎ OUP Oxford, \u003cspan\u003e18 May 2006\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHardcover, 548 pages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe link between Hitler's Third Reich and European royalty has gone largely unexplored due to the secrecy surrounding royal families. Now, in Royals and the Reich, Jonathan Petropoulos uses unprecedented access to royal archives to tell the fascinating story of Queen Victoria's great-grandsons, the Princes of Hesse, and the important role they played in the Nazi regime.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePetropolous tells the fascinating tale of how, lured by prominent positions in the Nazi regime and highly susceptible to nationalist appeals, the princes became enthusiastic supporters of Hitler and helped make the Nazis socially acceptable to wealthy, high-society patrons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermitted access to Hessen family private papers and the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle, Petropoulos follows the story of the House of Hesse through to its tragic denouement - the princes' betrayal and persecution by an increasingly paranoid Hitler, followed by prosecution after the war.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"I H Pentz Booksellers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45682487230626,"sku":null,"price":200.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/files\/81HEMnPRPVL._SY342.jpg?v=1752573927"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0364\/4047\/3732\/collections\/western-europe-history-books-with-a-sign-and-related-decorations.png?v=1760962215","url":"https:\/\/pentzbooks.co.za\/collections\/france.oembed?page=5","provider":"I H Pentz Booksellers","version":"1.0","type":"link"}