A Virtue Epistemology Apt Belief and Reflective Knowledge, Volume I by Ernest Sosa

ISBN: 9780199297023

Oxford University Press, 28 June 2007

Hardcover, 164 pages

A Virtue Epistemology: Apt Belief and Reflective Knowledge, Volume I by Ernest Sosa presents a systematic approach to some of the central problems in epistemology, particularly knowledge and skepticism. Sosa develops a theory distinguishing between two levels of knowledge—“animal” knowledge (basic, reliable belief) and “reflective” knowledge (which includes an understanding of why one’s belief is reliable). Drawing on philosophical traditions from Aristotle to Descartes, the book explores epistemic normativity, the role of intellectual virtues, and how knowledge can withstand skeptical challenges, offering a unified framework for understanding belief, truth, and justification.